However, concentrating photovoltaics cpv has advanced considerably in. The cost per unit energy of conventional electricity generation is highly variable, depending on supply and demand in a given geographic. Spain is the leader in concentrated solar power technology, with more than 50 governmentapproved projects in the works. Solar pv panels typically consist of glass, polymer, aluminum, copper, and semiconductor materials that can be recovered and recycled at the end of their useful life. It covers the topics that are treated in the three lectures on photovoltaics pv that are taught at the delft.
Concentration is due to the trapping by light scattered in the refractive plate to which the solar. The increase in investment would be from 2 billion worldwide to 92. Concentrating solar thermal power csp technologies can be used to generate electricity by converting energy from sunlight to power a turbine, but the same basic technologies can also be used to deliver heat to a variety of industrial applications, like water desalination, enhanced oil recovery, food processing, chemical production, and mineral processing. The photovoltaic pv efficiency can be increased by several factors. Potential for solar cell efficiencies greater than. Both of which generate electricity through the concentration of the. Concentrated solar power csp, also known as concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight onto a receiver. Concentrating solar thermal power concentrating solar thermal power csp technologies can be used to generate electricity by converting energy from sunlight to power a turbine, but the same basic technologies can also be used to deliver heat to a variety of industrial applications, like water desalination, enhanced oil recovery, food. Jan 01, 2012 low concentration photovoltaic lcpv devices operate between 1. Current status of concentrator photovoltaic cpv technology. Pdf solar cooling with concentrating photovoltaicthermal. The environmental and social impacts of pv are compared to the competing energy sources.
The new concentrating solar thermal power plants contrast with the existing decentralized solar pv industry. The effects of market concentration on residential solar pv. Generally pv is at advantage as referred to other fossil or renewable sources. Fthenakis, pv environmental research center, brookhaven national lab, upton, ny 11973. Cpv uses less of the silicon material which is used to make the solar cells, and more materials such as aluminium, which is available in greater abundance and is less costly to. Those transformations specifically include adjustments of current and voltage, dcac conversion, and also distribution of power between storage and transmission paths. Thirtyfour percent more pv capacity was installed in 20 than the year before. Worked problem solar cell under concentration solar. Introduction the concentration on the use of fossil fuels for energy supply is the main threat for the stability of the global. This report attempts to summarize the status of the concentrating photovoltaic cpv industry and to. Solar photovoltaic pv energy systems are made up of. Solar concentrators an overview sciencedirect topics. One of the ways to increase the output from the photovoltaic systems is to supply concentrated light onto the pv cells. The systematic development of four types of solar concentrating systems, namely parabolic trough, power tower, parabolic dish and double concentration, has led to their increasing efficiency in.
For this phase, ch2m hill only evaluated commercially viable csp technologies not experimental or speculative technologies and pv systems suitable for the site. Life cycle assessment of highconcentration photovoltaic. The australian government provides significant funding for. Combine a recently increased federal incentive the 30% investment t ax credit with a centralized power station model and you have the foundation for lar gescale development. Concentration of solar radiation by white backed pv modules.
Fundamentals, technology and systems and hope that it will be a useful source that helps our readers to study the different topics of solar energy. The type of component in the system depends on the type of system and the purpose. Concentrator systems the photovoltaic concentrator system most commonly used is the twoaxis tracking system which positions the aperture plane normal to the direct rays from the sun. The ic system is composed of multiple concentrator modules that are situated within a glass facade or glass atrium roof of a building and are mounted on a highly accurate, inexpensive tracking mechanism. Concentration of solar radiation can be done, in principle, by any of the commonly available concentrator designs. Most ac gridties inverters have antiislanding feature, so the inverter will reduce power to zero within 2 seconds of the grid shutdown. Pv systems are bene cial because they can be scaled to any size, but they are costly and solely produce electricity.
Analysis of photovoltaic concentrating solar energy systems core. Developers completed three large concentrating solar power csp plants with a combined capacity of nearly 0. This is generally achieved by combined azimuth and elevation tracking, but polar axis rota tfon with periodic adjustment for solar declination has also been. Csp systems concentrate radiation of the sun to heat a liquid substance which is then used to drive a heat engine and drive an electric generator. Concentrator photovoltaic cpv technology has entered the market as a utilityscale option for the generation of solar electricity with 370 mwp in cumulative installations, including several sites with more 30 mwp. Spectrumefficient solar energy for dispatchable electricity or fuels workshop innovate technology solutions for sustainability april 11, 20. Thus we have an island of powered line within unpowered grid. Sunlight is composed of photons like energy accumulations, or particles of solar energy. Material develop ment for longerterm applications, concentration photo voltaic and manufacturing process development have attracted most european funding. Ptcs are suitable for heating between 100 and 250c temperature as well as for concentrated solar power plants. Concentrating solar power provides utilityscale electricity and energy storage thermal energy storage options sensible heat storage molten salt, particles latent heat storage thermochemical storage cost of csp with storage is currently cheaper than photovoltaics with largescale battery storage.
Southern california power plants are the largest application of this system 59. Pv systems usually include either crystalline silicon csi or thinfilm technologies. Oct 02, 2020 commercial developers are optimizing csp pv hybridization dewa iv dubai developer. Pv panels transform the radiation directly to the electricity and these photovoltaic sections has three main types. In the case of photovoltaic collectors, concentrating the rays may cause nonuniform illumination and thermal overheating on pv cells. Concentrating solarthermal power department of energy. Pdf on aug 19, 2019, shuai wang and others published photovoltaic characteristics of low concentration cdte solar cells find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. There are three primary technologies by which solar energy is commonly harnessed. Concentrating solar thermal power technology overview seto csp program summit 2019 march 18, 2019 dr. Pdf one of the challenges of adopting solar power as a widespread energy. The study found that concentrated solar power could account for up to 25% of the worlds energy needs by 2050. Concentrating 1 solar rising pv technology, performance, and cost 2007 update figure 11. A substantial decline in the cost of solar pv power plants 80% reduction since 2008 2 has improved solar pv s competitiveness, reducing the needs.
Concentrating solar power csp is one of the four main solar energy technologies, the others being solar photovoltaic, solar thermal and solar fuels. Boehm, simulation of concentrated photovoltaic cooling system, isec solar 2004 conference, paper 65019. After the grid is down, the pv panels still continue to power the line as long as the solar radiation is present. Concentrated pv cpv is a form of solar technology which uses parabolic lenses to concentrate and focus sunlight onto small photovoltaic cells. Introduction by employing concentrating and tracking technologies, concentrated photovoltaics cpvs lower the use of highly ef.
Apr 11, 20 abengoa solar concentrating solar power. Concentrating the sunlight by a factor of between 300x to x onto a small cell area enables the use of highly efficient but comparatively expensive multijunction solar cells based on iiiv semiconductors e. Solar energy technologies seia solar energy industries. Concentrated solar power simple explanation youtube. First type is the siliconmade solar cells, the second type is thin film solar cells and the third type is the combination of various technologies such as thermo photovoltaic cells and high concentration photovoltaic panels.
Access to a computer and the internet, a calculator, pen and paper. On a perarea basis, pv cells are the most expensive components of a pv system. We will use a concentration ratio of a few hundred and optical efficiency of g opt 0. This report explores the current status of the cpv market, industry, research, and technology. Crystalline and polycrystalline silicon pv technology. In this video, i give a simple explanation on how concentrated solar power csp works.
Torresol energy, masen, solarpaces, t concentration of direct sunlight with mirrors to achieve high temperatures provision of electricity turbine cycle, process heat, desalination. A metamorphic 3junction gainp gainas ge concentrator solar cell, with iiiv subcells grown at a different lattice constant than that of the ge substrate was the first type of solar cell to reach over 40% efficiency 4, and this solar cell structure has now been independently. To investigate the efficiency of concentrated solar pv technology. This is the type of solar power that uses thousands of mirrors over h. Devices with concentration levels between hcpv and lcpv medium concentration photovoltaic devices or mcpv have not received much attention, mainly due to their economics, as will be illustrated later. For example, a simple pv direct system is composed of a solar module or array two or more modules wired together and the load energyusing device. Concentrating solar power and thermal energy storage. Thin film includes an array of advanced materials, but only onecadmium telluride cdtehas had significant success in utilityscale solar development. The tucson water department is part of the city of tucson. Stationary solar concentrating photovoltaicthermal collector. A concentrating photovoltaic pv system is being developed as a dynamic daylighting system for boxwindow curtain wall assemblies in buildings. The photovoltaic pv technology is considered the most commonly used one 1. Soiling in concentrating solar thermal power csp effects. Markets and applications for solar power category small medium large.
The pv systems that use concentrated light are called concentrating photovoltaics cpv. In cpv, concentrated solar flux about 300 suns is focused on highly efficient solar cells such as the multi junction solar cell about 40% efficient. Clean power on demand 247 acknowledgements this report provides an overview of the development of concentrating solar power and its potential contribution in furthering cleaner and more robust energy systems in regions. From towers to dishes to linear mirrors to troughs, concentrating solar power csp technologies reflect and collect solar heat to generate electricity. A concentrator makes use of relatively inexpensive materials such as plastic lenses and. Concentrated photovoltaic cpv cell is the hybridization of the direct and the indirect solar power systems. Parabolictrough solar concentrating systems are an advanced and matured technology.
Bell telephone laboratories produced a silicon solar cell with 4% efficiency and later achieved 11% efficiency. Optical design of a novel polygonal trough collector for. Concentration of solar radiation by white backed photovoltaic panels greg smestad and patrick hamill in this paper, we present an analysis of the concentration achieved by white backed photovoltaic panels. The effects of market concentration on residential solar. The electric power generated by pv modules goes through a series of transformations before it reaches the grid. The term photo means light and voltaic, electricity. Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat solar thermal energy, which drives a heat engine usually a steam turbine connected to an electrical power.
Opportunities and challenges for development of a mature. Solar installations accounted for 31 percent of all electric power installations completed in 20. The two most prominent solar energy technologies are photovoltaic pv and concentrated solar power csp. Concentrator photovoltaic cpv technology, by using efficient optical elements, small sizes and high efficiency multijunction solar. This paper presents some of the distinguish designs which have shown significant.
Csp can store power for several hours and has a high thermal efficiency. Financial closure for another 12 mwp solar pv at two sites in the upper west region was achieved in 2017 and commissioning of both plants is now planned for 2018. A photovoltaic pv cell, also known as solar cell, is a semiconductor device that generates electricity when light falls on it. Left two solfocus concentrated solar pv arrays at the dka solar centre. Low concentration designs those with concentration ratios below 100x are also being deployed. Concentrating solar power chart 5 pvqat webinar fabian wolfertstetter soiling of csp and comparison to pv images property of. Multijunction iiivconcentratorcellsofseveral different types havedemonstrated solar conversion ef. Development of photovoltaic systems with concentration. Photovoltaic system, journal of solar energy engineering, 1282, 2006, 9145.
The conventional pv solar cell collects solar radiation only from the visible region 0. Concentrated solar thermal systems csp, are not the same as photovoltaic panels. Pdf photovoltaic characteristics of low concentration. Solar concentrators rensselaer polytechnic institute. Utilityscale concentrating solar power and photovoltaic. Nov 26, 2020 the systematic development of four types of solar concentrating systems, namely parabolic trough, power tower, parabolic dish and double concentration, has led to their increasing efficiency in. Additionally, this report covers concentrating photovoltaic. Boehm, thermal analysis of a concentrating photovoltaic receiver, isec solar 2004 conference, paper 65006. Photovoltaics pv comprises the technology to convert sunlight directly into electricity. Additionally, this report covers concentrating photovoltaic cpv systems. The concentration of solar radiation into the receiver increases the intensity of radiation and, consequently, the collected power. Csp systems can provide electricity as well as thermal.
Groupiv subcells in multijunction concentrator solar cells. Competition, installer scale, and soft costs eric oshaughnessy. Bell telephone laboratories produced a silicon solar cell. Effect of tracking and concentration on the solar resource available to pv and csp. Photovoltaic is cheaper to build and use, but csp is newer and rapidly improving. The solar pv systems, from cells to grids, are also addressed, with a particular emphasis on the challenges of gridintegration of pv and the development of storage technologies. Pdf concentrating photovoltaic thermal cpvt collectors. This result in a superior output many times that of the ordinary phs otovoltaics. This can be done by using optical light collectors, such as lenses or mirrors. Photovoltaic, concentration photovoltaic systems, silicon solar cell model. Lowcost concentrating solar collector for steam generation. Unlike conventional photovoltaic systems, it uses lenses or curved mirrors to focus sunlight onto small, highly efficient, multijunction mj solar cells.
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